Loop surface fastener having excellent positioning function

ABSTRACT

A loop surface fastener in which numerous looped engaging elements formed from loop yarns inserted in parallel to ground warp yarns are provided upright on one side of a base fabric formed from ground warp yarns and ground weft yarns satisfies all the following requirements 1) to 3). 1) The loop yarn is a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling 5 to 9 filaments of 30 to 45 decitex. 2) The density of the looped engaging elements is in a range of 100 to 200/cm 2 . 3) Loop surfaces of the looped engaging elements are substantially facing in the same direction and the loop surface facing direction is a ground weft yarn direction.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a loop surface fastener having anexcellent positioning function, specifically a loop surface fastenerwhich is hardly engaged even if a male surface fastener and a surfacefastener surface of the loop surface fastener are joined and pressedwith light force and exhibits a large engagement force first when thetwo fasteners are pressed with strong force, and a combination of theloop surface fastener and the male surface fastener.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, a method for attaching an object to a surface of a bodyby fixing a male surface fastener including hook-shaped engagingelements to either one of the body and the object, fixing a loop surfacefastener including looped engaging elements to a surface of the other,and joining the both surface fasteners to engage the engaging elementsof the both has been used as one of methods for attaching an object to asurface of a body.

For an operation of attaching such a surface fastener to a surface, amethod is performed by which one surface fastener is first fixed to asurface of a body, another surface fastener is fixed to a surface of anobject and the surfaces of the both surface fasteners are joined andpressed to be engaged. To confirm whether or not the object isaccurately attached at a predetermined position at this time, the objectfixed with the surface fastener is brought closer to the surfacefastener of the body to touch the surface fastener of the object forso-called positioning.

However, in the case of conventional surface fasteners, the both surfacefasteners are unnecessarily engaged only by being lightly brought intocontact for positioning, and thus accurate positioning cannot beperformed. In the event of such unnecessary engagement, it is necessaryto disengage the unnecessarily engaged surface fasteners and repeat apositioning operation. Further, if the surface fasteners are directlyand strongly attached at appropriate positions of the surfaces of thebody and the object by omitting the operation of bringing the bothsurface fasteners closer for the positioning of the surface fasteners toavoid unnecessary engagement (i.e. if the surface fasteners are directlyfinally fastened by omitting the positioning), the attached position ofthe object may deviate from an accurate position, causing a troublesomesituation. In disengaging the unnecessary engagement, new unnecessaryengagement may occur or the object may be damaged in some cases.

Further, in the case of an object having a large shape, e.g. a ceilingmaterial or a wall material of a house or a ceiling material of anautomotive vehicle, a wall surface material or a floor material of atrunk room or the like, it requires huge labor and time to repeat anoperation of disengaging unnecessary engagement and positioning again.Further, if an operation of attaching a ceiling material, a floormaterial and the like has to be performed within a fixed time at anautomotive vehicle production line moving at a constant speed, theproduction line has to be stopped in the event of a failure inpositioning, wherefore it is very important to accurately and quicklyperform positioning.

To solve such problems, it is necessary that no unnecessary engagementoccurs merely by joining both surface fasteners at the time ofpositioning, and the present inventors found a male surface fastenersatisfying such a request and already filed a patent application (patentliterature 1).

If the male surface fastener of the invention of the above patentapplication is used, unnecessary engagement at the time of positioningis drastically reduced, but the present inventors found that an effectof preventing the occurrence of unnecessary engagement at the time ofpositioning is further improved by selecting a mating loop surfacefastener.

Note that although it is known that engagement at the time ofpositioning is reduced and a strong engagement force is exhibited afterfinal fastening as in the present invention in a so-called hook-loopmixed woven surface fastener in which hook-shaped engaging elements andlooped engaging elements are mixedly present on the same surface (patentliterature 2), a surface fastener described in this known literature isan improvement of the hook-loop mixed woven surface fastener and cannotbe applied to a loop surface fastener on the surface of which onlylooped engaging elements are present.

-   Patent literature 1: Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-167938-   Patent literature 2: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-125813

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention solves a problem of conventional loop surfacefasteners that positioning is very difficult because the loop surfacefastener is engaged merely by being joined and aims to provide a loopsurface fastener having such a positioning function that the loopsurface fastener is hardly engaged merely by being joined and exhibitsstrong engagement at the time of final fastening.

The present invention solves the above problem and one aspect thereof isdirected to a loop surface fastener in which numerous looped engagingelements formed from loop yarns inserted in parallel to ground warpyarns are provided upright on one side of a base fabric formed fromground warp yarns and ground weft yarns, and all the followingrequirements 1) to 3) are satisfied:

1) The loop yarn is a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling 5 to 9filaments of 30 to 45 decitex,

2) The density of the looped engaging elements is in a range of 100 to200/cm²,

3) Loop surfaces of the looped engaging elements are substantiallyfacing in the same direction and the facing direction is a ground weftyarn direction.

If the loop surface fastener of the present invention is used, no strongengagement occurs at the time of positioning and strong engagement isobtained after final fastening. As a result, positioning at the time ofattaching the surface fasteners is facilitated and an engagement forcecomparable to those of conventional loop surface fasteners can beobtained after final fastening.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross-section of an example of a loopsurface fastener of the present invention parallel to a ground warp yarndirection when viewed in a ground weft yarn direction,

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a male surface fastener as a preferredengagement mate of the loop surface fastener of the present invention,

FIG. 3 is a top view of an example of the male surface fastener as thepreferred engagement mate of the loop surface fastener of the presentinvention showing a base plate covering ratio of an engaging elementdefined in the present invention, and

FIG. 4 is a front view of a preferred example of an extrusion nozzleused in manufacturing the male surface fastener as the preferredengagement mate of the loop surface fastener of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention aredescribed using FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing across-section of an example of a loop surface fastener of the presentinvention parallel to a ground warp yarn direction when viewed in aground weft yarn direction. In FIG. 1, ground weft yarns are denoted by1, a loop yarn is denoted by 2, looped engaging elements are denoted by3 and a back coat resin layer is denoted by 4.

Generally, the loop surface fastener is formed from ground warp yarns,ground weft yarns and loop yarns for forming looped engaging elements.The looped engaging elements formed from the loop yarns are providedupright on a base fabric formed from these yarns, and the elementsproject from one surface of the base fabric. A back coat resin forpreventing the looped engaging elements from being pulled out from thebase fabric is applied to the underside of the base fabric, therebyfixing the loop yarns to the base fabric.

In this embodiment, such a loop surface fastener is not strongly engagedat the time of positioning described above and provides strongengagement after final fastening by satisfying the followingrequirements:

1) The loop yarn is a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling 5 to 9filaments of 30 to 45 decitex.

2) The density of the looped engaging elements is in a range of 100 to200/cm².

3) Loop surfaces of the looped engaging elements are substantiallyfacing in the same direction and the facing direction is a ground weftyarn direction.

Conventionally, a multi-filament formed by bundling a plurality offilaments has been used as a loop yarn of a loop surface fastener.Specifically, a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling 12 to 18filaments of 15 to 20 decitex has been used. Contrary to that, in thisembodiment, a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling a smaller number ofthicker filaments than the conventional ones, i.e. by bundling 5 to 9filaments of 30 to 45 decitex is used. Unnecessary engagement at thetime of positioning can be prevented by using such multi-filament yarnsformed by bundling a smaller number of thick filaments. If the filamentsare thinner than 30 decitex or the number of the bundled filaments issmaller than 5, male engaging elements as engagement mates easily enterthe loops to cause engagement at the time of positioning. Further, ifthe filaments are thicker than 45 decitex or the number of the bundledfilaments is larger than 9, a strong engagement force is not produced atthe time of final fastening. The loop yarn is preferably amulti-filament yarn formed by bundling 6 to 8 filaments of 32 to 42decitex, more preferably a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling 7filaments of 34 to 40 decitex.

Further, it is important in this embodiment that the density of thelooped engaging elements is in the range of 100 to 200/cm². Conventionalcommercially available loop surface fasteners have a looped engagingelement density of 40 to 70/cm², and the density of the looped engagingelement density specified in this embodiment can be said to be veryhigh. By setting a very high engaging element density, the entrance ofthe male engaging elements into the loops of the looped engagingelements at the time of positioning can be prevented. Specifically,unnecessary engagement occurs at the time of positioning if the densityis less 100/cm². On the other hand, if the density exceeds 200/cm², itis difficult to manufacture a loop surface fastener using themulti-filament yarns as described above as loop yarns. The density ispreferably in a range of 110 to 180/cm², more preferably in a range of120 to 170/cm². The density of the looped engaging elements mentioned inthis embodiment means the number of projections of the multi-filamentyarns forming the looped engaging elements from the base fabric surface,and a loop formed from the multi-filament is counted as one loopedengaging element.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, it is important that the loop surfacesof the looped engaging elements are substantially facing in the samedirection and the facing direction is the ground weft yarn direction. Inthe case of a conventional loop surface fastener, multi-filament yarnsforming looped engaging elements are loosened by napping the loopsurface fastener to increase an engagement force. Particularly, in thecase of a surface fastener having a high density of looped engagingelements, napping is essential to make male engaging elements easilyentangled with looped engaging elements, but loop surfaces of the loopedengaging elements are twisted by this napping to face in variousdirections. Moreover, in the case of a conventional surface fastenermade of polyester fibers, a heating treatment is applied at about 220°C. in a final stage of a manufacturing process for the purpose ofeliminating the distortion of the fibers caused when the surfacefastener was manufactured. By this treatment, looped engaging elementsare also twisted and thus loop surfaces of the individual loopedengaging elements face in arbitrary directions.

In this embodiment, it is important that the loop surfaces of the loopedengaging elements are substantially facing in the same direction and thefacing direction is the ground warp yarn direction, specificallyunnecessary engagement at the time of positioning can be prevented bythe presence of the looped engaging elements facing in the samedirection. To align the facing directions of the loop surfaces of thelooped engaging elements with the ground weft yarn direction, it isimportant that the surface fastener is not napped unlike conventionalloop surface fasteners. Note that that the loop surfaces of the loopedengaging elements are substantially facing in the same direction and thefacing direction is the ground weft yarn direction means, in thisembodiment, that the loop surfaces of 80% or more of the looped engagingelements present on the loop surface fastener are facing in the groundweft yarn direction or in directions in a range of ±30° with respect toa direction perpendicular to the ground weft yarn direction. Preferably,the loop surfaces of 90% or more of the looped engaging elements arefacing in the directions in the above range. Also preferably, the loopsurfaces are facing in the ground weft yarn direction or in directionsin a range of ±20° with respect to the direction perpendicular to theground weft yarn direction.

Generally, yarns made of polyamide-based fibers represented by nylon 6and nylon 66, polyolefin-based fibers such as polyethylene fibers andpolypropylene fibers and polyester-based fibers such as polyethyleneterephthalate fibers, polybutylene terephthalate fibers and polylacticacid fibers are used as ground warp yarns, ground weft yarns and yarnsfor looped engaging element for forming a loop surface fastener in termsof strength, elasticity, deformation recovery property and the like.Preferably, multi-filament yarns formed from these fibers are used. Inparticular, if the multi-filament yarns forming the looped engagingelements are made of polybutylene terephthalate-based polyester and boththe ground warp yarns and the ground weft yarns are multi-filament yarnsmade of polyethylene terephthalate-based polyester in this embodiment,it is preferable since the penetration of the male engaging elementsinto the looped engaging elements when the surface fasteners are lightpressed can be prevented.

Polybutylene terephthalate-based polyester and polyethyleneterephthalate-based polyester mentioned in the present specification arepolyesters mainly containing butylene terephthalate units or ethyleneterephthalate units, and a small number of copolymer units may becontained if it does not impair the properties of polybutyleneterephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate. Further, a small amount ofanother copolymer may be blended to such an extent as not to hindereffects of the present invention or it may be mix-spun fibers with othercopolymer. Furthermore, colorants such as pigments and dyes, variousstabilizers and the like may be added.

The ground warp yarns and the ground weft yarns are preferably twistedto enhance a weaving property. Preferably, S-twisted ground yarns andZ-twisted ground yarns are alternately arranged for shape stability ofthe surface fastener.

In a preferred embodiment, a multi-filament of 120 to 200 decitex formedfrom 20 to 40 filaments is used as the ground warp yarn, whereas amulti-filament of 60 to 150 decitex formed from 15 to 30 filaments isused as the ground weft yarn. More preferably, the ground weft yarn is amulti-filament formed from a smaller number of filaments and thickerthan those of the ground warp yarn. By using such a combination of theground warp yarns and the ground weft yarns, the density of the loopedengaging elements is increased and the loop surfaces can be easilyadjusted to face in the same direction.

The multi-filaments for looped engaging element are woven into a groundtexture parallel to the ground warp yarns. Further, the multi-filamentsfor looped engaging element are preferably woven into the ground textureparallel to the ground warp yarns so as not cross the ground warp yarns.If they cross the ground warp yarns, it is difficult to align the loopsurfaces of the looped engaging elements. The multi-filaments for loopedengaging element are evenly woven preferably at a ratio of onemulti-filament to 2 to 6 ground warp yarns, more preferably at a ratioof one multi-filament to 4 ground warp yarns to combine a positioningfunction and an engagement force at the time of final fastening.

The number of woven ground warp yarns with the addition of the yarns forlooped engaging element is 50 to 100/cm, particularly preferably 60 to85/cm. Further, the number of woven ground weft yarns are 10 to 30/cm,particularly 15 to 25/cm. A plain woven structure is generally used as awoven structure.

If the woven structure is the plain woven structure, the multi-filamentyarn for forming the looped engaging elements immediately emerges to afabric surface and crosses over the next ground weft yarn after slippingunder one ground weft yarn, then immediately sinks to slip under thenext ground weft yarn and emerges to cross over the next ground weftyarn. The multi-filament yarn repeatedly makes the above movement. Inthis embodiment, the density of the looped engaging elements needs to beincreased and, to this end, one looped engaging element is preferablyformed every time the multi-filament yarn emerges above the adjacentground weft yarn after slipping under one ground weft yarn.Specifically, the multi-filament yarn for looped engaging elementpreferably forms one looped engaging element every time emerging abovethe ground weft yarn. It is also possible to form one looped engagingelement every time the multi-filament for looped engaging element sinksand emerges through 3 to 10 ground weft yarns. However, in such a case,it is difficult to increase the engaging element density and form theloop surface fastener of this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the height of the looped engaging element from thebase end (height from a surface of the base fabric on the engagingelement side) is preferably in a range of 1.5 to 2.8 mm, more preferablyin a range of 2.0 to 2.5 mm. The engagement force at the time of finalfastening is low if the height is lower than 1.5 mm, whereas theengaging elements are easily inclined or fall down and it is difficultto align the loop surfaces in the same direction if the height is higherthan 2.8 mm.

Further, in this embodiment, the looped engaging elements are preferablyformed from the multi-filaments in a state kept bundled to preventunnecessary engagement at the time of positioning. In the case of theconventional loop surface fastener, the surface fastener surface isrubbed by a napper to increase the engagement force and the loopsurfaces of the looped engaging elements are caused to face in irregulararbitrary directions as described above. If such a napping process isperformed, some of the constituent filaments of the multi-filament yarnsforming the looped engaging elements are pulled out from the loops,whereby the bundled state is lost. If the bundled state is lost and somefilaments project from the multi-filaments, the male engaging elementsare engaged with these projecting filaments to cause engagement at thetime of positioning. Thus, in this embodiment, the looped engagingelements preferably form the loops in the state kept bundled.

In the loop surface fastener of this embodiment, an adhesive is appliedas a back coat layer to the underside (surface opposite to the one wherethe engaging elements are present) to prevent the engaging elements frombeing pulled out from the base fabric when the engagement is disengaged.Examples of a resin for the back coat layer to be applied may includepolyurethane-based or acryl-based resins, but the polyurethane-basedresin is more preferable in terms of pull-out resistance. The amount ofthe resin to be applied is 20 to 50 g/m², preferably 30 to 40 g/m² bysolid content.

Instead of the method for applying the back coat resin to the undersideor to more strongly prevent the pull-out of the engaging elements fromthe base fabric, it is also possible to use a method for replacing someof fibers constituting the surface fastener by thermally fusible fibersand fixing the base ends of the looped engaging elements by fusing thesethermally fusible fibers. In this case, the thermally fusible fibers arepreferably used as ground weft yarns. However, if high heat is appliedto the surface fastener to fuse the thermally fusible fibers, the loopsof the looped engaging elements are twisted and the loop surfaces do notface in the same direction. Thus, it is preferable not to increase thetemperature of the looped engaging elements to or above a temperaturelower than a melting point of the constituent fibers by more than 40° C.

Examples of the mating male surface fastener to be engaged with such aloop surface fastener include surface fasteners having normalhook-shaped engaging elements, specifically woven surface fastenersincluding hook-shaped mono-filaments on a surface, woven surfacefasteners having mushroom-shaped engaging elements on a surface, moldedsurface fasteners having mushroom-shaped engaging elements on a surfaceand various other surface fasteners. Above all, a male molded surfacefastener is preferable in which numerous male engaging elements areprovided upright on a surface of a plastic base plate, each maleengaging element includes a stem standing up from the plastic base plateand engaging projections laterally projecting from the stem, a ratio(D/H) of a distance (D) from a top part of the engaging element to lowerend parts of the projections to a height (H) of the engaging elementfrom the base plate is 0.35 to 0.75, and a base plate covering ratio ofthe engaging element is 25 to 45%.

Since this male molded surface fastener itself can also preventunnecessary engagement at the time of positioning, the occurrence ofunnecessary engagement at the time of positioning can be furtherprevented if this male molded surface fastener is used in combinationwith the above loop surface fastener.

The present applicant already filed Japanese Patent Application No.2010-167938 on such a male molded surface fastener. Although the detailof the male molded surface fastener is explained in this previousapplication, it is briefly described below.

Specifically, a preferred example of such a male molded surface fastenerincludes a male surface fastener as shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, a baseplate of the molded surface fastener is denoted by B, male engagingelements are denoted by E and the male engaging elements (E) standapproximately vertically on the base plate (B). The male engagingelement (E) includes a stem (S) standing up from the base plate andengaging projections (T) laterally projecting from an upper part of thestem (S), and an adhesion preventing projection (M) is provided on a tippart of the stem in the case of the male engaging element (E) of FIG. 2.

A collection of the engaging projections (T), a stem part above the baseends of the projections (T) and the adhesion preventing projection (M)may be referred to as a head portion of the engaging element in the maleengaging element (E). Thus, the male engaging element can also be saidto be composed of a stem portion including no engaging projection onsides and the head portion present above this stem portion.

In the male molded surface fastener suitably used in this embodiment, aplurality of such engaging elements are generally arranged in a row atregular intervals in a longitudinal direction (Y direction shown in FIG.2) (i.e. arranged in a direction of surfaces where the engagingprojections do not project), and such rows are also present in parallelin a lateral direction (X direction shown in FIG. 2).

Both the base plate (B) and the male engaging elements (E) are made ofplastic. Although the base plate (B) and the male engaging elements (E)may be made of different resins, they are generally made of the sameresin in terms of productivity.

The resin used is not particularly limited and examples thereof mayinclude resins normally used for molding, e.g. polyolefin-based resinssuch as polyethylene and polypropylene, nylon-based resins such as nylon6 and nylon 66, polyester-based resins such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polylactic acid, polyvinylchloride-based resins, styrene-based resins and acryl-based resins.Besides these, examples of this resin may be polyester-based elastomerresins, polyolefin-based, polystyrene-based and polyurethane-basedelastomer resins and these may be copolymers. Further, a single resinmay be used or two or more kinds of resins may be used by being blended.

Above all, fiber-forming and drawable resins are preferable and specificexamples thereof may include polyolefins such as polyethylene andpolypropylene, nylons and polyesters. Further, in the case of such amale molded surface fastener, the head portions of the male engagingelements are hardly inclined and the engaged looped engaging elementsare hardly detached. Thus, if the male molded surface fastener isforcibly peeled, the looped engaging elements tend to be broken. Toprevent this, the male molded surface fastener is also preferably madeof an elastomer resin.

As described above, the engaging elements of the molded surface fastenerare formed such that the ratio (D/H) of the distance (D) from the toppart of the engaging element (E) to the lower end parts of the engagingprojections (T) to the height (H) of the engaging element is 0.35 to0.75 and is quite higher than those of conventional ones.

The male engaging element (E) includes the stem (S) and the engagingprojections (T) laterally projecting from this stem, and generally theengaging projections (T) are preferably symmetrically project towardopposite sides. The stem (S) normally stands upright from the base plate(B). The engaging projections (T) project in parallel to the base plateor in such directions that tip parts thereof are lowered toward the baseplate rather than being parallel to the base plate as shown in FIG. 2 toincrease the engagement force.

As just described, the male molded surface fastener suitable as theengagement mate of the loop surface fastener of this embodiment isformed such that the ratio (D/H) of the distance (D) from the top partof the engaging element (E) to the lower end parts of the engagingprojections (T) to the height (H) of the engaging element is quite highsuch as 0.35 to 0.75 as described above. In conventionally known moldedsurface fasteners, a ratio (D/H) of a distance from a top part to lowerend parts of engaging projections is in a range of 0.15 to 0.25.

In the case of a molded surface fastener including extremely shortengaging elements, engaging projections become invariably thin if thevalue of (D/H) is made smaller, whereby the engaging projections areeasily bent and a necessary engagement force cannot be obtained. Thus,if the height (H) of the engaging elements exceeds 1.2 mm although thereexist engaging elements having a high value of (D/H), a range of 0.20 to0.30 is adopted and engaging elements having the value of (D/H)exceeding 0.35 are not known.

FIG. 2 shows the preferred example of the male molded surface fastenerused in this embodiment. In the engaging element of FIG. 2, the adhesionpreventing projection (M) is provided on the top part of the engagingelement to increase this value of (D/H). Of course, the adhesionpreventing projection needs not be provided on the top part of theengaging element and may project from the engaging projection (T) in adirection away from the base plate. Further, it is not necessary toprovide one adhesion preventing projection for one engaging element anda plurality of adhesion preventing projections may be present on oneengaging element.

Further, the adhesion preventing projection needs not be perpendicularto the base plate surface as long as it projects in a direction awayfrom the base plate. Furthermore, one or more adhesion preventingprojections are preferably present on each engaging element, but alsoone adhesion preventing projection may be provided for two to threeengaging elements adjacent in the direction of the engaging projectionsof the engaging elements. Further, besides providing the adhesionpreventing projection on the top part of the engaging element in thisway, the head portion of the engaging element may be made extremelythick to increase the value of D/H.

The height of the adhesion preventing projection or the thickness of thehead portion of the engaging element is a value at which (D/H) describedabove is in the range of 0.35 to 0.75. Specifically, the adhesionpreventing projection may be provided or the head portion may bethickened so that (D/H) has a value of 0.35 to 0.75. If the value of(D/H) is below 0.35, engagement easily occurs at the time ofpositioning. On the other hand, if this value exceeds 0.75, strongengagement is hindered also after final fastening and a desiredengagement force cannot be obtained. The value is preferably in a rangeof 0.40 to 0.70, more preferably in a range of 0.45 to 0.65.

If the adhesion preventing projections are provided, hand feeling of thesurface fastener becomes poor when tip parts of the adhesion preventingprojections are sharpened. Thus, the adhesion preventing projectionspreferably having a rounded shape are present on the head portions asshown in FIG. 2. The adhesion preventing projections are preferably madeof the same resin as the stems and the head portions.

If a plurality of engaging projections are present in a verticaldirection on each of the opposite sides of the stem, the distance (D)from the top part of the engaging element (E) to the lower end parts ofthe engaging projections (T) mentioned in this embodiment is a distancefrom the lower end part of the uppermost engaging projection.

Although it is preferable in preventing the occurrence of unnecessaryengagement at the time of positioning that the ratio (D/H) of thedistance (D) from the top part of the engaging element (E) to the lowerend parts of the engaging projections (T) to the height (H) of the stemis in the range as described above, the base plate covering ratio of theengaging element is considered as an important point similarly to thisratio of (D/H). It is important that this value is in a range of 25 to45%. Considering that a base plate covering ratio of an engaging elementis 15 to 22% in the case of conventionally generally known male moldedsurface fasteners, the value of 25 to 45% can be said to be extremelyhigh. If the base plate covering ratio of the engaging element is below25%, engagement easily occurs at the time of positioning. Conversely, ifthe base plate covering ratio exceeds 45%, strong engagement is hardlyobtained also after final fastening. The base plate covering ratio ispreferably in a range of 27 to 42%, more preferably in a range of 28 to40%.

The base plate covering ratio of the engaging element mentioned in thisembodiment is a ratio of the area of the head portion of the maleengaging element viewed from above to the area of a base plate part onwhich the male engaging element stands. In particular, the base platecovering ratio of the engaging element is obtained by photographing apart where the male engaging elements are successively present fromabove by an optical microscope, enclosing an arbitrary part of baseplate where 50 male engaging elements are present in the obtainedpicture, determining the area of the enclosed part (s1) and a total (s2)of the areas of the upper surfaces of the head portions of the 50 maleengaging elements present in this part and calculating [(s2)/(s1)]×100.

FIG. 3 is a diagram when a part where the engaging elements aresuccessively present is photographed from above by the opticalmicroscope. In FIG. 3, the stem is denoted by S, the engagingprojections are denoted by T and the base plate is denoted by B.Further, X and Y directions of FIG. 3 match the X and Y directions ofFIGS. 1 to 4. If the engaging elements regularly stand on the base plateas shown in FIG. 3, the base plate covering ratio of the engagingelement is obtained by drawing a rectangle having an end part of oneengaging element as one side and those adjacent edges as other side asshown in FIG. 3 (rectangle shown in dashed-dotted line in FIG. 3), andcalculating a ratio of the area of one engaging element (S+2T) viewedfrom above to the area of this rectangle. In the case of FIG. 3, thebase plate covering ratio of the engaging element is 30.3%.

Further, a distance between the engaging projection of the male engagingelement and the engaging projection of the adjacent male engagingelement in the projection direction (i.e. X direction shown in FIG. 3)is suitably in a range of 0.6 to 2.5 mm. If this distance is shorterthan 0.6 mm, a sufficient engagement force cannot be obtained. If thisdistance is longer than 2.5 mm, it is difficult to achieve the baseplate covering ratio of the male engaging element described above.

Further, the height (H) of the male engaging element is preferably 1.2to 3.0 mm. If the height is shorter than 1.2 mm, a sufficient engagementforce cannot be obtained. If the height is longer than 3.0 mm, the maleengaging element easily falls down and is easily engaged with the loopedengaging element with light force, which is not preferable. The heightis more preferably in a range of 1.5 to 2.7 mm, even more preferably ina range of 1.6 to 2.6 mm.

Further, in this embodiment, the engaging projections preferably project0.2 to 0.8 mm from the stem. If the projections are shorter than 0.2 mm,a sufficient engagement force cannot be obtained. If the projections arelonger than 0.8 mm, engagement becomes too strong and the element or theloop is broken at the time of peeling. The projections are morepreferably 0.3 to 0.6 mm. The engaging projections are normally made ofthe same resin as the stem.

Further, the thickness of the male engaging element in an engagingelement row direction is preferably in a range of 0.15 to 0.6 times theheight (H) of the male engaging element. If the thickness is shorterthan 0.15 times the height, the strength of the male engaging elementbecomes too low and a sufficient engagement force cannot be obtained.Also if the thickness is longer than 0.6 times the height, engagementwith the looped engaging element is difficult and a sufficientengagement force cannot be obtained. The thickness is more preferably ina range of 0.18 to 0.5 times the height.

Further, the stem portion of the male engaging element is preferably sodimensioned that a cross-section area along a plane which is parallel tothe base plate is 0.09 to 0.4 mm² for the same reason as the thicknessof the engaging element in the engaging element row direction.

The thickness of the base plate (B) is not particularly limited, but issuitably in a range of 0.15 to 0.8 mm. Further, the engaging elementdensity is preferably in a range of 20 to 50/cm², more preferably 30 to40/cm².

Next, a method for manufacturing such a male molded surface fastener isdescribed.

First, a thermoplastic resin is melted and extruded from a nozzleincluding a slit as shown in FIG. 4 and cooled, thereby molding atape-like object including a plurality of continuous rows having across-section of mushroom-shaped engaging elements standing on a baseplate surface perpendicularly to a base plate and successive in a lengthdirection. Denoted by B in FIG. 4 is a linear slit for forming the baseplate. Denoted by E are engaging element slits for forming male engagingelements. In the case of using the slit as shown in FIG. 4, thetape-like object is obtained in which six continuous rows for maleengaging element standing upright on the base plate surface and eachincluding an adhesion preventing projection are present at equalintervals. The number of the continuous rows is preferably 5 to 15 per 1cm of a tape width after stretching. Further, the tape width ispreferably 20 to 50 mm.

Subsequently, cuts are formed at small intervals from the tip of thecontinuous row to the vicinity of the base end of the continuous row ina direction crossing, preferably perpendicular to a continuous rowlength direction in each continuous row for engaging element which ispresent on the surface of the obtained tape-like object. The interval ofthe cuts is 0.2 to 0.6 mm, suitably in a range of 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Then,the tape-like object is drawn in a length direction. A stretching ratioadopted is such that the length of the stretched tape-like object isabout 1.3 to 3.5 times the length of the original tape-like object. Bythis stretching, the cuts formed in the continuous row are widened andthe continuous rows become independent numerous male engaging elementrows.

To increase the value of the ratio (D/H) of the distance (D) from thetop part of the engaging element to the lower end parts of theprojections to the height (H) of the engaging element from the baseplate, the head portion of the engaging element slit (F) shown in FIG. 4may be thickened or a cut portion (M) corresponding to the adhesionpreventing projection may be provided on the stem as shown in FIG. 4.Further, an increase in the base plate covering ratio of the engagingelement can be achieved such as by causing the head portion of theengaging element slit of the nozzle shown in FIG. 4 to protrude towardthe opposite sides, by narrowing an interval between the adjacentengaging element slits and further by reducing the stretching ratio.

Since the loop surface fastener of this embodiment and the combinationof this surface fastener and the said male molded surface fastener donot cause strong engagement at the time of positioning, but providestrong engagement after final fastening, they are suitably used in afield where positioning is necessary, e.g. suitably used in the field offixing portions such as wall materials, floor materials and ceilingmaterials.

Particularly, as described above, at the time of producing an automotivevehicle, if a wrong fixing position is chosen in an operation of fixinga ceiling material as an interior material to a ceiling base material ofthe automotive vehicle or an operation of fixing a molded material forforming a trunk room to a position for the trunk room of the automotivevehicle at a production line moving at a constant speed, an operation ofdisengaging the engagement and fixing the material again is necessary.This disrupts the production line and necessitates an action such as areduction in the speed of the production line. However, if the loopsurface fastener of this embodiment, preferably the combination of theloop surface fastener and the male molded surface fastener is used as ameans for attaching the ceiling material to the ceiling base material orattaching the molded material for forming the trunk room, the occurrenceof unnecessary engagement at the time of positioning can be preventedand the positioning operation becomes easier. Thus, the occurrence ofdisplacements can be reduced.

Further, if the loop surface fastener of this embodiment, preferably thecombination of the loop surface fastener and the male molded surfacefastener is used for a ceiling material and a wall material in interiorfinishing of a house or the like, it is possible to preventdisplacements, reduce labor hours and prevent the damage of the ceilingmaterial and the wall material in detaching the displaced ceilingmaterial and the wall material. Particularly, if an object to beattached has a large shape, the effect of using the male molded surfacefastener of this embodiment is very remarkable.

As just described, the loop surface fastener of this embodiment is quiteexcellent as a fixing means in fixing an object having a large area at apredetermined position and provides a particularly excellent merits, forexample, when the object to be attached is a sheet having an area of 0.1m² or larger, particularly 0.2 m² or a plate-like object.

The loop surface fastener of this embodiment is attached to theunderside of an object or a base material surface by an adhesive, apressure-sensitive adhesive, fusion, sewing, stapling or the like. Onthe other hand, the male molded surface fastener is similarly attachedto the underside of the object or to the base material surface by anadhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, fusion, sewing, stapling or thelike.

Various techniques are disclosed herein as described above. Among them,main techniques are summarized below.

A loop surface fastener according to one aspect of the present inventionis a loop surface fastener in which numerous looped engaging elementsformed from loop yarns inserted in parallel to ground warp yarns areprovided upright on one side of a base fabric formed from ground warpyarns and ground weft yarns, and all the following requirements 1) to 3)are satisfied:

1) The loop yarn is a multi-filament yarn formed by bundling 5 to 9filaments of 30 to 45 decitex.

2) The density of the looped engaging elements is in a range of 100 to200/cm².

3) Loop surfaces of the looped engaging elements are substantiallyfacing in the same direction and the facing direction is a ground weftyarn direction.

By such a configuration, the loop surface fastener can be obtained whichdoes not cause strong engagement at the time of positioning and providesstrong engagement after final fastening. As a result, positioning at thetime of attaching the surface fastener is facilitated and, in addition,there is an advantage of obtaining an engagement force comparable tothose of conventional loop surface fasteners after final fastening.

Further, in the above loop surface fastener, the multi-filament yarnsforming the looped engaging elements are preferably made of polybutyleneterephthalate-based polyester, and both the ground warp yarns and theground weft yarns are preferably multi-filament yarns made ofpolyethylene terephthalate-based polyester.

This can prevent the penetration of male engaging elements into thelooped engaging elements when the surface fasteners are lightly pressed.

Further, in the above loop surface fastener, the multi-filament yarnsforming the looped engaging elements are preferably inserted into a basefabric in parallel to the ground warp yarns so as not to cross theground warp yarns since loop surfaces of the looped engaging elementsare easily aligned.

Furthermore, in the above loop surface fastener, the looped engagingelement is preferably formed every time the loop yarn slips under oneground weft yarn and emerges above the adjacent ground weft yarn. Thiscan increase the density of the looped engaging elements.

Further, in the above loop surface fastener, if the height of the loopedengaging elements from a base fabric surface is 1.5 to 2.8 mm, asufficient engagement force can be obtained at the time of finalfastening and the loop surfaces are easily aligned in the samedirection.

Further, in the above loop surface fastener, the looped engagingelements are preferably formed from multi-filament yarns in a state keptbundled to prevent the occurrence of unnecessary engagement at the timeof positioning.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for fixing aceiling material to a ceiling base material by fixing the loop surfacefastener to either one of the ceiling base material and the ceilingmaterial, attaching a surface fastener engageable with the loop surfacefastener to the other and engaging the both surface fasteners in thecase of fixing the ceiling material to the ceiling base material. Insuch a method, the ceiling base material is preferably a ceiling basematerial of an automotive vehicle.

Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a combination ofthe loop surface fastener and a male surface fastener as an engagementmate of the loop surface fastener, wherein the male surface fastenerincludes numerous male engaging elements provided upright on a surfaceof a plastic base plate, each male engaging element includes a stemstanding up from the plastic base plate and an engaging projectionlaterally projecting from the stem, a ratio (D/H) of a distance (D) froma top part of the engaging element to a lower end part of the projectionto a height (H) of the engaging element from the base plate is 0.35 to0.75, and a base plate covering ratio of the engaging element is 25 to45%.

Particularly, if the combination with the male surface fastener having aspecial shape as described above is used, the above effects are morehighly achieved.

Further, in the above male surface fastener, the engaging element of themale surface fastener preferably includes an adhesion preventingprojection projecting in a direction away from the base plate at aposition above the engaging projection. This is thought to reliablyincrease the value of the ratio (D/H).

Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an engagingmethod using the loop surface fastener and the male surface fastener incombination.

Particularly, at the time of producing an automotive vehicle, if a wrongfixing position is chosen in an operation of fixing a ceiling materialto a ceiling base material of the automotive vehicle or an operation offixing a surface material for trunk room to a trunk room of theautomotive vehicle at a production line moving at a constant speed, anoperation of disengaging the engagement and fixing the material again isnecessary. This disrupts the production line and necessitates an actionsuch as a reduction in the speed of the production line. However, if theloop surface fastener of the present invention as described above isused, positioning is facilitated, wherefore displacements can be reducedand it is not necessary to reduce the production line speed or stop theproduction line as before.

Further, if the loop surface fastener of the present invention is usedto attach a ceiling material and a wall material in interior finishingof a house or the like, it is possible to prevent displacements, reducelabor hours and prevent the damage of the ceiling material and the wallmaterial in detaching the displaced ceiling material and the wallmaterial. Particularly, if an object to be attached is large, the effectof using the male molded surface fastener of the present invention isvery large. Further, in the case of using the combination of the loopsurface fastener and the male surface fastener specified in the presentinvention, these effects can be more prominently obtained.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail by way ofexamples. Note that an engagement force was measured by peeling anengaging surface in a vertical direction in accordance with a methoddescribed in JIS L3416.

When observing pressure normally occurring at the time of positioning,the present inventors found that it was about 100 g/cm². Based on thisfact, an engagement force at the time of positioning was defined as anengagement force produced when an engaging surface of a male surfacefastener and that of a female surface fastener were pressed at 100g/cm². Further, an engagement force at the time of final fastening wasdefined as an engagement force produced when the engaging surface of themale surface fastener and that of the female surface fastener werepressed at 500 g/cm².

Example 1 Manufacturing of Loop Surface Fastener

Using multi-filament yarns composed of 30 filaments of 167 decitex madeof polyethylene terephthalate as ground warp yarns, multi-filament yarnscomposed of 24 filaments of 99 decitex made of polyethyleneterephthalate as ground weft yarns and multi-filament yarns composed of7 filaments of 265 decitex made of polybutylene terephthalate as loopyarns for looped engaging element (one filament was 38 decitex inthickness), a gray fabric for surface fastener was fabricated by plainweaving at a weaving density of 75 ground warp yarns (including theyarns for looped engaging element)/cm and 20 ground weft yarns/cm. Thelooped engaging elements were formed by forming a loop every time theloop yarn slips under one ground weft yarn and emerges above the nextground weft yarn, and were kept from crossing the ground warp yarns. Theobtained gray fabric was thermally treated at 160° C. and 35 g/m² of apolyurethane solution by solid content was applied to the underside ofthe gray fabric and dried, whereby a loop surface fastener was obtained.

The density of the looped engaging elements of the obtained loop surfacefastener was 131/cm², and loop surfaces of all the looped engagingelements were facing in a ground weft yarn direction. The height of thelooped engaging elements was 2.2 mm, a bundled state of themulti-filament was kept in any of the looped engaging elements andalmost no filament separated from the bundle was found.

Manufacturing of Male Molded Fastener

Using the nozzle as shown in FIG. 4, a polyester resin was extruded andcooled to mold a tape-like object including a plurality of continuousrows having a cross-section of mushroom-shaped engaging elements whichare successive in a length direction. There were ten continuous rows andthe width of the tape-like object was 35 mm. Then, cuts were formed fromthe tips of the continuous rows to the vicinities of base ends at aninterval of 0.5 mm in a direction perpendicular to the continuous rowlength direction. Subsequently, the tape-like object was stretched2.2-fold in the length direction. Each of obtained male engagingelements included an adhesion preventing projection (M) atop a headportion as shown in FIG. 2.

The height (H) of the engaging elements of the obtained male moldedsurface fastener was 2.5 mm, the distance (D) from top parts of theengaging elements to the lower end parts of the projections was 1.3 mm,an interval between the engaging projections of the male engagingelement and those of the adjacent male engaging element in a projectiondirection (i.e. X direction shown in FIG. 2) was 1.0 mm, the projectinglength of the engaging projections was 0.6 mm, the thickness of the maleengaging elements in the engaging element row direction was 0.5 mm, thethickness of the stem portions of the engaging elements was 0.3 mm², thethickness of the base plate (B) was 0.2 mm and the engaging elementdensity was 31/cm².

The obtained male molded surface fastener was adhered to a plasticplate, whereas the above-mentioned loop surface fastener was used as afemale surface fastener to be engaged with this male molded surfacefastener. The both surface fasteners were joined and peel strength wasmeasured when the surface fasteners were pressed at 100 g/cm² and at 500g/cm². As a result, no engagement occurred when the surface fastenerswere pressed at 100 g/cm² and a peel strength of 25 N/cm² was obtainedwhen the surface fasteners were pressed at 500 g/cm². From theseresults, it was confirmed that the male molded surface fastener was notengaged at the time of positioning, but was strongly engaged by normalpressing at the time of final fastening.

This male molded surface fastener was attached to the underside of aceiling interior material of an automotive vehicle by an adhesive,whereas the loop surface fastener was attached to an iron plate of aceiling portion of a vehicle body by an adhesive, and the both surfacefasteners were joined for positioning. However, no engagement occurredand positioning could be easily performed. When an optimal position wasdetermined and the ceiling interior material was pressed, the bothsurface fasteners were engaged and fixed with a sufficient engagementforce.

Example 2

Both surface fasteners were engaged and peel strength at that time wasmeasured as in the above Example 1 except that the male surface fastenerwas changed to a commercially available male woven surface fastener[A8693Y produced by Kuraray Fastening Co., Ltd.]. As a result, slightengagement occurred, but the engagement was easily disengaged when thepressure was released, thereby causing almost no problem in positioningwhen the surface fasteners were pressed at 100 g/cm². Further, a peelstrength of 10 N/cm² was obtained when the surface fasteners werepressed at 500 g/cm².

Examples 3 to 6

A loop surface fastener was manufactured as in the above Example 1except that the loop yarns were changed as shown in TABLE-1 and engagedwith the male woven surface fastener as in the above Example 2, and peelstrength at that time was measured. Results are shown in TABLE-1. In anyof the cases, it was confirmed that no such engagement as to cause aproblem occurred at the time of positioning and strong engagementoccurred by normal pressing after final fastening.

TABLE 1 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Loop Filament 32 42 3838 yarn thickness [single fiber] (decitex) Number of 7 7 5 9 filamentsPeel strength at pressing Almost no Almost no Almost no Almost nopressure of 100 g/cm² engage- engage- engage- engage- (N/cm²) ment mentment ment Peel strength at pressing 13 8 9 11 pressure of 500 g/cm²(N/cm²)

Comparative Examples 1 to 4

A loop surface fastener was manufactured as in the above Example 1except that the loop yarns were changed as shown in TABLE-2 and engagedwith the male woven surface fastener as in the above Example 2, and peelstrength at that time was measured. Results are shown in TABLE-2. In thecase of Comparative Examples 1 and 3, engagement occurred at a pressingpressure of 100 g/cm² to cause a trouble in a positioning operation. Inthe case of Comparative Examples 2 and 4, an engagement force at apressing pressure of 500 g/cm² was poor.

TABLE 2 Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- ative ative ative ative Example1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Loop Filament 25 50 38 38 yarn thickness[single fiber] (decitex) Number of 7 7 3 12 filaments Peel strength atpressing 17 Almost no 15 Almost no pressure of 100 g/cm² engage- engage-(N/cm²) ment ment Peel strength at pressing 35 3 32 4 pressure of 500g/cm² (N/cm²)

Example 7

A loop surface fastener was manufactured as in the above Example 1except that an insertion interval of the ground warp yarns was widenedto 70/cm. The density of engaging elements of this loop surface fastenerwas 120/cm², this loop surface fastener was engaged with the male wovensurface fastener as in Example 2 and peel strength was measured. As inthe case of Example 2, slight engagement occurred, but the engagementwas easily disengaged when the pressure was released, thereby causingalmost no problem in positioning when the surface fasteners were pressedat 100 g/cm². Further, a peel strength of 12 N/cm² was obtained when thesurface fasteners were pressed at 500 g/cm².

Example 8

A loop surface fastener was manufactured as in the above Example 1except that an insertion interval of the ground warp yarns was narrowedto 80/cm. The density of engaging elements of this loop surface fastenerwas 140/cm², this loop surface fastener was engaged with the male wovensurface fastener as in Example 2 and peel strength was measured. Lighterengagement than in the case of Example 2 occurred, but the engagementwas easily disengaged when the pressure was released, thereby causingalmost no problem in positioning when the surface fasteners were pressedat 100 g/cm². Further, a peel strength of 13 N/cm² was obtained when thesurface fasteners were pressed at 500 g/cm².

Comparative Example 5

A loop surface fastener was manufactured as in the above Example 1except that a loop was formed every time a loop yarn sinks and emergesthrough four ground weft yarns and the density of looped engagingelements was 65/cm². As in the case of Example 2, this loop surfacefastener was engaged with the male woven surface fastener and peelstrength was measured. As a result, it could be confirmed that strongengagement occurred at the time of positioning (10 N/cm² at a pressingpressure of 100 g/cm²) and there was no positioning function.

Comparative Example 6

In the above Example 1, it was attempted to manufacture such a loopsurface fastener that loop yarns were used at a ratio of one loop yarnto two warp yarns and an insertion interval of the ground warp yarns wasnarrowed to 90/cm to obtain a looped engaging element density of240/cm², but weaving was not possible due to the extremely narrowinsertion interval.

Comparative Example 7

In the above Example 1, the surface of the loop surface fastener wasnapped as done with commercially available surface fasteners to loosenthe multi-filament yarns of the engaging elements of the loop surfacefastener prior to the application of the back coat resin. As a result,the loop surfaces of the looped engaging elements were not facing in thespecified direction and not uniform. The multi-filament yarns formingthe looped engaging elements became loose near loop tops and numerousfilaments projecting from the loops and singly forming loops were found.Beside those, the loop surface fastener was manufactured as in Example 1and engaged with the male woven surface fastener as in Example 2. Then,peel strength was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that strongengagement of 13 N/cm² occurred when the surface fasteners were pressedat 100 g/cm² and there was no positioning function.

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-272897filed with the Japan Patent Office on Dec. 14, 2011, and the contents ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference.

To express the present invention, the present invention has beenproperly and fully described through the embodiment with reference tothe drawings above, but it should be appreciated that a person skilledin the art can easily modify and/or improve the aforementionedembodiment. Therefore, a modification or improvement practiced by theperson skilled in the art is construed to be embraced by the scope ofclaims unless such a modification or improvement departs from the scopeof claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention has wide industrial applicability in the technicalfield of surface fasteners.

1. A loop surface fastener, comprising: numerous looped engagingelements formed from loop yarns inserted in parallel to ground warpyarns, wherein the looped engaging elements are placed upright on oneside of a base fabric formed from the ground warp yarns and ground weftyarns, the loop yarns are multi-filament yarns formed by bundling 5 to 9filaments of 30 to 45 decitex, the looped engaging elements have adensity of from 100 to 200/cm², and the looped engaging elements haveloop surfaces substantially facing in the same direction, which is aground weft yarn direction.
 2. The loop surface fastener according toclaim 1, wherein the multi-filament yarns forming the looped engagingelements are made of polybutylene terephthalate-based polyester, andboth the ground warp yarns and the ground weft yarns are multi-filamentyarns made of polyethylene terephthalate-based polyester.
 3. The loopsurface fastener according to claim 1, wherein the loop yarns areinserted into a base fabric in parallel to the ground warp yarns so asnot to cross the ground warp yarns.
 4. The loop surface fasteneraccording to claim 1, wherein a looped engaging element is formed everytime loop yarn slips under one ground weft yarn and emerges above anadjacent ground weft yarn.
 5. The loop surface fastener according toclaim 1, wherein the looped engaging elements have a height measuredfrom the base fabric surface of from 1.5 to 2.8 mm.
 6. The loop surfacefastener according to claim 1, wherein the looped engaging elements areformed from multi-filament yarns in a bundled state.
 7. A method forfixing a ceiling material to a ceiling base material, the methodcomprising: fixing the loop surface fastener according to claim 1 toeither one of the ceiling base material and the ceiling material,attaching a surface fastener engageable with the loop surface fastenerto the other, and engaging both surface fasteners.
 8. A method accordingto claim 7, wherein the ceiling base material is a ceiling base materialof an automotive vehicle.
 9. A combination, comprising: the loop surfacefastener according to claim 1, and a male surface fastener as anengagement mate of the loop surface fastener, wherein the male surfacefastener comprises numerous male engaging elements placed upright on asurface of a plastic base plate, each male engaging element comprises astem standing up from the plastic base plate and an engaging projectionlaterally projecting from the stem, a ratio of a distance from a toppart of the engaging element to a lower end part of the projection to aheight of the engaging element from the base plate is 0.35 to 0.75, andthe engaging element has a base plate covering ratio of from 25 to 45%.10. The combination according to claim 9, wherein the male engagingelement comprises an adhesion preventing projection projecting in adirection away from the base plate at a position above the engagingprojection.
 11. An engaging method, comprising: using the combinationaccording to claim 9 in the method.